The research on it is an old but renewable subject , which may not only deepen the understanding of many fundamental flow phenomena and the responsible mechanism for turbulence , improve the turbulence model , but also optimise its application in engineering 它不仅可以促进对众多湍流基本现象和湍流发展机理的了解，完善湍流模型，而且也可以优化其在工程领域中的应用。
In recent years , vacuum preloading is extensively used to treat soft clay ground , whereas the development of the theoretic study in vacuum preloading cannot follow the progresses in engineering , which has limited the progress and application in engineering practice 目前有关真空预压加固地基的理论研究落后于工程实践，制约了该工法的进一步发展和工程应用，有必要对此进行系统的研究。
Different formulations of cps are introduced in chapter one , along with various applications in engineering , economics and operations research . some algorithms for cps are described . meanwhile , the thesis work is outlined briefly 第一章概述了互补问题的各种形式及其在工程、经济和运筹学中的应用，同时分类介绍了求解互补问题的几种主要算法，并将作者的工作穿插在相关算法里做了简要介绍。
In chapter 1 , the research developments of mdo in the recent 20 years are surveyed , which include the solution algorithms of the design optimization model for mdo , the applications in engineering , the design of software system , the research organizations and academic activities 研究建立该耦合系统的多学科分析优化的模型、理论和方法，研制相应的具有通用设计目标的软件系统是本文主要目的。研究内容由两部分组成： 1
Combining application in engineering project of guqiao coal mine , such research about polypropylene fibre concrete shotcrete layer , taking into consideration a spectrum of technical factors as endurance , penetration - proof quality , economy and construction techniques , is analyzed in depth and described in this paper 结合顾桥矿工程应用，从耐久性、抗渗性、经济性和施工技术等方面系统地研究了聚丙烯纤维混凝土喷层的性能。
From aspect of application in engineering , knowledge from different cross disciplines such as physics of crystals , physics of dielectrics , thoery of elasticity , numerical analysis is utilized in the investigation on the torsional effect of piezoelectric 本文在博士学科点基金和自然科学基金的资助下，从工程实际出发，运用晶体物理学、电介质物理学、弹性理论、数值分析等交叉学科的理论成果，对石英晶体扭转效应进行了研究。
In this paper , a brief introduction of hydrodynamic , sediment transport model and its application in engineering projects are reported . 2 . the equations are derived using a tensor analysis of two - phase flow , and the background of basic equations and parameters in the numerical model are discussed 本文采用非交错曲线网格二、三维水流泥沙数值模型研究感潮河道水流泥沙问题，主要内容有： ( 1 )综述水流泥沙数值模型的发展概况，及其工程应用。
However , the normal electromagnetism rate transducer which has the high inherent frequency of that between 5 - 30hz normally can not get the signal below 1 hz , therefore , it can not be used for inspecting same signal , which confines its applications in engineering project 然而,由于普通的电磁式速度传感器,其固有频率较高,一般都在5 - 30hz之间,很难拾取1hz以下的超低频绝对振动信号,因此不能直接用来测量上述超低频振动信号,制约了该类传感器在工程中的应用。
The new combined model solved the problem of that the e / e model ca n ' t use to simulate the flows that exists phase change , and the e / l model needs infinite computer time to simulate the real flows . in a general way , the new model brings forth - new ideas to us , and it is important to multiphase flows " study and the application in engineering 新的组合法克服了e e法不能模拟存在相变的流场的缺陷和e l法因机时问题而无法模拟真实流场的问题，具有一定的创新性，对多相流理论研究和指导工程实际都具有重大意义。
3 - d measurement has capacious applications in engineering , such as its uses in machine vision , profile modeling and biomedical industry . but many 3 - d measurements only can be estimated by handiwork now , for example , the area of mitral valve , the shape and size of eyepit and the volume of tumour in medicine field 但利用传统的测量方法，许多三维测量工作仅能依靠一些简单的手工操作进行估算，如在医学领域需要完成的二尖瓣面积、正常眼眶实际形状、大小以及肿瘤体积等复杂三维测量工作都是如此。
